Diabetes

Diabetes is a disorder of insulin production or utilization. Insulin is a hormone that ensures body energy needs are met. Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents, and occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Approximately 10 per cent of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not effectively use the insulin that is produced. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, although increasing numbers of children in high-risk populations are being diagnosed. About 90% of people with diabetes have type 2.

If you are 40 or over, you are at risk for Type 2 diabetes and should be tested at least every three years. Diabetes is diagnosed using a simple blood test.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It affects approximately 3.5 per cent of all pregnancies and involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.

Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Heart Disease

If left untreated or improperly managed, diabetes can result in a variety of complications, including: heart disease, kidney disease, eye disease, impotence and nerve damage.

People with diabetes are at very high risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, up to 80% of people with diabetes will die as a result of a heart attack or stroke. In addition, people with diabetes may develop these types of problems at a younger age.

What is Impaired Fasting Glucose?

Elevated blood sugar levels below the threshold for diabetes also have health consequences. The term 'Prediabetes' can be used for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) which places people at risk of developing diabetes and its complications.

Not all individuals with prediabetes will necessarily progress to diabetes, but they may benefit from lifestyle changes (like diet and exercise), which may delay or prevent the onset of diabetes.

Treating Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is managed through physical activity and meal planning. It may require medications and/or insulin to assist your body in making or using insulin more effectively.

As well, patient education, weight and lifestyle management and controlling blood pressure all help with management and control of this disease.